a.\(\dfrac{y-1}{y-2}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=\dfrac{12}{y^2-4}+1\)
\(ĐK:y\ne\pm2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y-1\right)\left(y+2\right)-5\left(y-2\right)}{\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\dfrac{12+\left(y^2-4\right)}{\left(y-2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-1\right)\left(y+2\right)-5\left(y-2\right)=12+\left(y^2-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+2y-y-2-5y+10=12+y^2-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=0\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{0\right\}\)
b.\(\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{3x^2}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(ĐK:x\ne1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{3x^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+x+1\right)-3x^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+1\right)-3x^2=2x\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1-3x^2=2x^2-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-3x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(ktm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{1}{4}\right\}\)