Bài 46: Luyện tập Andehit-Xeton-Axit cacboxylic

\(n_{Ag}=\dfrac{21.6}{108}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(TH1:\) \(X:HCHO\)

\(n_{HCHO}=\dfrac{7.2}{30}=0.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCHO}\ne\dfrac{1}{4}n_{Ag}\)

\(\Rightarrow Loại\)

\(TH2:\)

\(CT:RCHO\)

\(n_{RCHO}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot n_{Ag}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0.2=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(M_X=\dfrac{7.2}{0.1}=72\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow R=43\)

\(CT:C_3H_7CHO\)

=> butanal

CTCT: 

\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CHO\)

\(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CHO\)

\(m_{H_2O}=10.8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{10.8}{18}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{CO_2}=19.8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{19.8}{44}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_C:n_H=0.45:1.2=3:8\)

\(CT:C_3H_8O\)

\(C_3H_8O+CuO\rightarrow C_3H_6O+Cu+H_2O\)

\(X:\text{Propanal }\)

\(a) A : C_nH_{2n+1}OH\ ; n_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,448}{22,4} = 0,02(mol)\\ 2C_nH_{2n+1}OH + 2Na \to 2C_nH_{2n+1}ONa + H_2\\ n_A = 2n_{H_2} = 0,04(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_A = 14n + 18 = \dfrac{2,4}{0,04} = 60\\ \Rightarrow n = 3\\ \Rightarrow A : C_3H_8O\\ b)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-OH : propan-1-ol\\ CH_3-CH(OH)-CH_3 : propan-2-ol\)

\(37) n_{C_2H_4} = a(mol) ; n_{C_2H_2} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(1)\\ m_{tăng} = m_{C_2H_4} + m_{C_2H_2} = 28a + 26b = 8(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2\\ \%V_{C_2H_4} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,3}.100\% = 33,33\%\\ \%V_{C_2H_2} = 100\%-33,33\% = 66,67\%\)

\(38) n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{38,08}{22,4} = 1,7(mol) ; n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{19,8}{18} = 1,1(mol)\\ n_{CO_2} > n_{H_2O} \to CTTQ : C_nH_{2n-2}\\ n_C = n_{CO_2} = 1,7(mol)\\ n_H = 2n_{H_2} = 2,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \dfrac{n}{2n-2} = \dfrac{1,7}{2,2}\\ \Rightarrow n = 2,83\\ Vì : 2 < n = 2,83 < 3\ nên\ CTHH\ X\ và\ Y\ là: C_2H_2,C_3H_4\)

\(Phần\ 2 : \\ C_6H_5OH + 3Br_2 \to C_6H_2OHBr_3 + 3HBr\\ n_{C_6H_5OH} = n_{C_6H_2OHBr_3} = \dfrac{49,65}{331} = 0,15(mol)\\ Phần\ 1 : n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4}=0,175(mol)\\ 2C_2H_5OH + 2Na \to 2C_2H_5ONa + H_2\\ 2C_6H_5OH + 2Na \to 2C_6H_5ONa + H_2\\ 2n_{H_2} = n_{C_2H_5OH} + n_{C_6H_5OH}\\ \Rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH} = 0,175.2 - 0,15 = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m = 2(0,2.46 + 0,15.94) = 46,6(gam)\)

1)

a) mBa(OH)2 = 34,2 gam

=> nBa(OH)2 = 0,2 mol

mCuSO4 = 40 gam

=> nCuSO4 = 0,25 mol

Ba(OH)2 (0,2) + CuSO4 (0,2) ----> BaSO4 (0,2) + Cu(OH)2 (0,2)

- kết tủa A gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BaSO4:0,2\left(mol\right)\\Cu\left(OH\right)2:0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mA = 0,2 . 233 + 0,2 . 98 = 66,2 gam

b) - dd B gồm: CuSO4_dư : 0,25 - 0,2 = 0,05 mol

=> mCuSO4_dư = 4,9 gam

mdd sau = 200 + 500 - 66,2 = 633,8 gam

=> C% CuSO4_dư = 0,773%