1.
\({x^3} - 8 = {x^3} - {2^3} = \left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 4} \right)\)2.
\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {3x - 2y} \right)\left( {9{x^2} + 6xy + 4{y^2}} \right) + 8{y^3}\\ = \left( {3x - 2y} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {3x} \right)}^2} + 3x.2y + {{\left( {2y} \right)}^2}} \right] + 8{y^3}\\ = {\left( {3x} \right)^3} - {\left( {2y} \right)^3} + 8{y^3}\\ = 27{x^3} - 8{y^3} + 8{y^3}\\ = 27{x^3}\end{array}\)