a) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
= \(\frac{\left(n+1\right).n}{2}\)
b) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... + (2n + 1)
= \(\left(2n+1+1\right).\left(\frac{2n+1-1}{2}+1\right):2\)
\(=\left(2n+2\right).\left(\frac{2n}{2}+1\right):2\)
\(=2.\left(n+1\right).\left(n+1\right):2\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)^2\)
c) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ... + 2.n
= 2.(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + n)
\(=2.\frac{\left(n+1\right).n}{2}\)
= (n + 1).n