P nguyên <=> \(\dfrac{x-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) nguyên
<=> \(\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) nguyên
<=> \(\sqrt{x}-1-\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) nguyên
=> \(\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{1;2;4\right\}\) (vì \(\sqrt{x}+1>0\forall x\in N\))
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