Ta có: \(x^2-4xy+5y^2-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+y^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+y^2=16\)
Vì \(x;y\in Z\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2\in Z;y^2\in Z\)
Và \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0,y^2\ge0\)
\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(8;4\right),\left(-8;-4\right),\left(4;0\right),\left(-4;0\right)\)
Ta có các tập nghiệm: \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(8;4\right),\left(-8;-4\right),\left(4;0\right),\left(-4;0\right)\) thì thỏa mãn phương trình
PT \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(-4y\right).x+\left(5y^2-16\right)=0\)
Để PT trên có nghiệm \(\Leftrightarrow\Delta=\left(-4y\right)^2-4\left(5y^2-16\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16y^2-20y^2+64\ge0\Leftrightarrow-4y^2+64\ge0\Leftrightarrow-4y^2\ge-64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\le16\Rightarrow-4\le y\le4\)
Đến đây xét các giá trị của y là tìm ra x
\(x^2-4xy+5y^2-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+y^2=16\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+y^2=16\)
Do \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2\in Z,y^2\in Z,\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0,y^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-2y\right)^2=0\\y^2=16\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-2y\right)^2=16\\y^2=0\end{cases}}\)
Đến đây tự xét các TH ta có cặp nghiệm :
( x , y ) = ( 8 ; 4 ) ; ( -8 ; -4 ) ; ( -4 ; 0 ) Thỏa mãn PT
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<p>Ta có: <span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="36"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><var mathquill-command-id="37">x</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="39" mathquill-block-id="41"><span mathquill-command-id="40">2</span></sup><span mathquill-command-id="43" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="45">4</span><var mathquill-command-id="47">x</var><var mathquill-command-id="49">y</var><span mathquill-command-id="51" class="binary-operator">+</span><span mathquill-command-id="53">5</span><var mathquill-command-id="55">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="57" mathquill-block-id="59"><span mathquill-command-id="58">2</span></sup><span mathquill-command-id="61" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="63">1</span><span mathquill-command-id="65">6</span><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="67">=</span><span mathquill-command-id="69">0</span></span></p><p><span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="71"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><span mathquill-command-id="72">⇔</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="75"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1.06667, 1.4);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="77"><var mathquill-command-id="76">x</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="78" mathquill-block-id="80"><span mathquill-command-id="79">2</span></sup><span mathquill-command-id="82" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="84">4</span><var mathquill-command-id="86">x</var><var mathquill-command-id="88">y</var><span mathquill-command-id="90" class="binary-operator">+</span><span mathquill-command-id="92">4</span><var mathquill-command-id="94">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="96" mathquill-block-id="98"><span mathquill-command-id="97">2</span></sup></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1.06667, 1.4);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="102" class="binary-operator">+</span><var mathquill-command-id="104">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="106" mathquill-block-id="108"><span mathquill-command-id="107">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="110">=</span><span mathquill-command-id="112">1</span><span mathquill-command-id="114">6</span></span></p><p><span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="116"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><span mathquill-command-id="117">⇔</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="120"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="122"><var mathquill-command-id="121">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="123" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="125">2</span><var mathquill-command-id="127">y</var></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="131" mathquill-block-id="133"><span mathquill-command-id="132">2</span></sup><span mathquill-command-id="135" class="binary-operator">+</span><var mathquill-command-id="137">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="139" mathquill-block-id="141"><span mathquill-command-id="140">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="143">=</span><span mathquill-command-id="145">1</span><span mathquill-command-id="147">6</span></span></p><p>Vì <span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="149"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><var mathquill-command-id="150">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="152">;</span><var mathquill-command-id="154">y</var><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="156">∈</span><var mathquill-command-id="158">Z</var><span mathquill-command-id="160">⇒</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="163"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="165"><var mathquill-command-id="164">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="166" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="168">2</span><var mathquill-command-id="170">y</var></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="174" mathquill-block-id="176"><span mathquill-command-id="175">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="178">∈</span><var mathquill-command-id="180">Z</var><span mathquill-command-id="182">;</span><var mathquill-command-id="184">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="186" mathquill-block-id="188"><span mathquill-command-id="187">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="190">∈</span><var mathquill-command-id="192">Z</var></span> </p><p> Và <span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="194"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="196"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="198"><var mathquill-command-id="197">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="199" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="201">2</span><var mathquill-command-id="203">y</var></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="207" mathquill-block-id="209"><span mathquill-command-id="208">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="211">≥</span><span mathquill-command-id="213">0</span><span mathquill-command-id="215">,</span><var mathquill-command-id="217">y</var><sup class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="219" mathquill-block-id="221"><span mathquill-command-id="220">2</span></sup><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="223">≥</span><span mathquill-command-id="225">0</span></span></p><p><span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="227"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="229"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="231"><var mathquill-command-id="230">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="232">;</span><var mathquill-command-id="234">y</var></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="238">=</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="241"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="243"><span mathquill-command-id="242">8</span><span mathquill-command-id="244">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="246">4</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="250">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="253"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="255"><span mathquill-command-id="254" class="">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="256">8</span><span mathquill-command-id="258">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="260" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="262">4</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="266">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="269"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="271"><span mathquill-command-id="270">4</span><span mathquill-command-id="272">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="274">0</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="278">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="281"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="283"><span mathquill-command-id="282" class="">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="284">4</span><span mathquill-command-id="286">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="288">0</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span></span></p><p>Ta có các tập nghiệm: <span class="math-q mathquill-rendered-math mathquill-editable" mathquill-block-id="292"><span class="textarea"><textarea></textarea></span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="294"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="296"><var mathquill-command-id="295">x</var><span mathquill-command-id="297">;</span><var mathquill-command-id="299">y</var></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span class="binary-operator" mathquill-command-id="303">=</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="306"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="308"><span mathquill-command-id="307">8</span><span mathquill-command-id="309">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="311">4</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="315">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="318"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="320"><span mathquill-command-id="319" class="">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="321">8</span><span mathquill-command-id="323">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="325" class="binary-operator">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="327">4</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="331">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="334"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="336"><span mathquill-command-id="335">4</span><span mathquill-command-id="337">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="339">0</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span><span mathquill-command-id="343">,</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="346"><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">(</span><span class="non-leaf" mathquill-block-id="348"><span mathquill-command-id="347" class="">−</span><span mathquill-command-id="349">4</span><span mathquill-command-id="351">;</span><span mathquill-command-id="353">0</span></span><span class="scaled paren" style="transform: scale(1, 1.05);">)</span></span></span> thì thỏa mãn phương trình</p> </div>