Lời giải:
$2Q=2x^2+2xy+2y^2-6x-6y+3998$
$=(x^2+2xy+y^2)+x^2+y^2-6x-6y+3998$
$=(x+y)^2-4(x+y)+(x^2-2x)+(y^2-2y)+3998$
$=(x+y)^2-4(x+y)+4+(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-2y+1)+3992$
$=(x+y-2)^2+(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2+3992\geq 3992$
$\Rightarrow Q\geq 1996$
Vậy $Q_{\min}=1996$ khi $x+y-2=x-1=y-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=1$
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$R=(x^2+2xy+y^2)+x^2-2x+2y+15$
$=(x+y)^2+2(x+y)+x^2-4x+15$
$=(x+y)^2+2(x+y)+1+(x^2-4x+4)+10$
$=(x+y+1)^2+(x-2)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy $R_{\min}=10$ khi $x+y+1=x-2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2; y=-3$