\(x^3+2x^2+3x+2=y^3\left(1\right)\)
- Nếu \(x=0\Leftrightarrow y^3=2\) không tồn tại y nguyên
- Nếu \(x\ne0\Rightarrow x^2\ge1\Rightarrow x^2-1\ge0\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow y^3=x^3+2x^2+3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^3=x^3+3x^2+3x+1-\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^3=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(x^2-1\right)\le\left(x+1\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Ta lại có
\(y^3=x^3+2x^2+3x+2=x^3+\left[2\left(x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+2-\dfrac{9}{8}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3=x^3+\left[2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}\right]\)
mà \(\left[2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}\right]>0\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3< x^3\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\Rightarrow x^3< y^3\le\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3=\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow x^2-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1;x=-1\)
Nếu \(x=-1\Rightarrow y=0\)
Nếu \(x=1\Rightarrow y=2\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;0\right);\left(1;2\right)\right\}\) thỏa mãn đề bài