a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe + mMg + m dd HCl - mH2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)
Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\)