PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
a_____2a_______a_______a (mol)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b_____6b_______2b_______3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+102b=18,2\\2a+6b=\dfrac{182,5\cdot20\%}{36,5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{18,2}\cdot100\%\approx43,96\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=56,04\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{AlCl_3}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{18,2+182,5}\cdot100\%\approx9,47\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{182,5+18,2}\cdot100\%\approx13,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) mHCl=182,5. 20%=36,5(g) -> nHCl=1(mol)
Đặt nMgO=a(mol); nAl2O3=b(mol)
PTHH: MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
a__________2a______a(mol)
Al2O3 + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
b_______6b______2b(mol)
b) Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+102b=18,2\\2a+6b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMgO=0,2.40=8(g)
=>%mMgO=(8/18,2).100=43,956%
=> %mAl2O3= 56,044%
c) m(muối)= mAlCl3 + mMgCl2= 133,5.2b+ 95.a= 133,5.0,1.2+95.0,2= 45,7(g)
d) mAlCl3= 26,7(g) ; mMgCl2 = 19(g)
mddsau= 18,2+ 182,5= 200,7(g)
=>C%ddAlCl3=(26,7/200,7).100=13,303%
C%ddMgCl2=(19/200,7).100=9,467%