Bài 1:
a. $(3x-1)^{10}=(3x-1)^{20}$
$(3x-1)^{20}-(3x-1)^{10}=0$
$(3x-1)^{10}[(3x-1)^{10}-1]=0$
$\Rightarrow (3x-1)^{10}=0$ hoặc $(3x-1)^{10}=1$
Nếu $(3x-1)^{10}=0$
$\Rightarrow 3x-1=0$
$\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}$
Nếu $(3x-1)^{10}-1=0$
$\Rightarrow 3x-1=1$ hoặc $3x-1=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3}$ hoặc $x=0$
b
$x(6-x)^{2003}=(6-x)^{2003}$
$x(6-x)^{2003}-(6-x)^{2003}=0$
$(6-x)^{2003}(x-1)=0$
$\Rightarrow (6-x)^{2003}=0$ hoặc $x-1=0$
$\Rightarrow x=6$ hoặc $x=1$
c.
$5^x+5^{x+2}=650$
$5^x(1+5^2)=650$
$5^x.26=650$
$5^x=25=5^2$
$\Rightarrow x=2$
Bài 2:
a. Trùng với câu c bài 1
b.
$3^2.3^n=3^5$
$3^{n+2}=3^5$
$\Rightarrow n+2=5$
$\Rightarrow n=3$
c.
$(2^2:4).2^n=4$
$1.2^n=4=2^2$
$2^n=2^2$
$\Rightarrow n=2$
Bài 3:
a. $\frac{1}{2}.2^n+4.2^n=9.5^n$
$2^{n-1}+2^{n+2}=9.5^n$
$2^{n-1}(1+2^3)=9.5^n$
$2^{n-1}.9=9.5^n$
$2^{n-1}=5^n$
$(\frac{2}{5})^{n-1}=5$
$n-1=\log_\frac{2}{5}(5)$
(Đề này không phù hợp với lớp 7). Bạn xem lại coi.
b.
$2^n(\frac{1}{2}+4)=9.5^n$
$2^n.\frac{9}{2}=9.5^n$
$2^{n-1}=5^n$ (giống với câu b.
c. Giống với 2 câu còn lại.
Bài 4:
a. $2^{n+3}.2^n=144$
$2^{n+3+n}=144$
$2^{2n+3}=144$
$2n+3=\log_2(144)\approx 7$
$n\approx 2$
b.
$(x-2015)^{x+2}-(x-2015)^{x+12}=0$
$(x-2015)^{x+2}[1-(x-2015)^{10}]=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-2015)^{x+2}=0$ hoặc $1-(x-2015)^{10}=0$
Nếu $(x-2015)^{x+2}=0$
$\Rightarrow x-2015=0$
$\Rightarrow x=2015$
Nếu $1-(x-2015)^{10}=0$
$\Rightarrow x-2015=1$ hoặc $x-2015=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=2016$ hoặc $x=2014$
c.
$(2x-1)^8=(2x-1)^6$
$(2x-1)^8-(2x-1)^6=0$
$(2x-1)^6[(2x-1)^2-1]=0$
$\Rightarrow (2x-1)^6=0$ hoặc $(2x-1)^2-1=0$
Nếu $(2x-1)^6=0$
$\Rightarrow 2x-1=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}$
Nếu $(2x-1)^2-1=0$
$\Rightarrow 2x-1=1$ hoặc $2x-1=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=1$ hoặc $x=0$
Bài 5:
$2^{x-1}+5.2^{x-2}=\frac{7}{32}$
$2^{x-2}(2+5)=\frac{7}{32}$
$2^{x-2}.7=\frac{7}{32}$
$2^{x-2}=\frac{7}{32}:7=\frac{1}{32}=2^{-5}$
$\Rightarrow x-2=-5$
$\Rightarrow x=-3$
Bài 6:
a. $(x-7)^{x+1}-(x-7)^{x+11}=0$
$(x-7)^{x+1}[1-(x-7)^{10}]=0$
$\Rightarrow (x-7)^{x+1}=0$ hoặc $1-(x-7)^{10}=0$
Nếu $(x-7)^{x+1}=0$
$\Rightarrow x-7=0\Rightarrow x=7$
Nếu $1-(x-7)^{10}=0$
$\Rightarrow x-7=1$ hoặc $x-7=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=8$ hoặc $x=6$
b.
$2^{x+2}.3^{x+1}.5^x=10800=2^4.3^3.5^2$
$\Rightarrow 2^{x+2-4}.3^{x+1-3}.5^{x-2}=1$
$\Rightarrow 2^{x-2}.3^{x-2}.5^{x-2}=1$
$\Rightarrow (2.3.5)^{x-2}=1$
$\Rightarrow 30^{x-2}=1$
$\Rightarrow x-2=0$
$\Rightarrow x=2$
c.
$(2x-15)^5=(2x-15)^3$
$(2x-15)^5-(2x-15)^3=0$
$(2x-15)^3[(2x-15)^2-1]=0$
$\Rightarrow (2x-15)^3=0$ hoặc $(2x-15)^2-1=0$
$\Rightarrow 2x-15=0$ hoặc $2x-15=1$ hoặc $2x-15=-1$
$\Rightarrow x=\frac{15}{2}$ hoặc $x=8$ hoặc $x=7$