* Ta có : \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{30};...;\frac{1}{29}>\frac{1}{30}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{29}+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac{1}{3}\) (1)
\(\frac{1}{31}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{32}>\frac{1}{40};...;\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{10}{40}=\frac{1}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{7}{12}\) (*)
* Ta có : \(\frac{1}{21}<\frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}<\frac{1}{20};...;\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{29}+\frac{1}{30}<\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{10}{20}=\frac{1}{2}\) (3)
\(\frac{1}{31}<\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{32}<\frac{1}{30};...;\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{30}=\frac{10}{30}=\frac{1}{3}\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{5}{6}\) (**)
Từ (*) và (**) ta có : \(\frac{7}{12}<\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{40}<\frac{5}{6}\) (đpcm)