\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}\\\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\\\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{z}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\az-cx=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax-by\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2x^2-2axby+b^2y^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bzcy+c^2y^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2-\left(a^2x^2+b^2b^2+c^2y^2+2axby+2azcx+2bzcy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+y^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+z^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ax+ab+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Ta có : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\) ( theo bđt Bu-nhi-a Cop-xki )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
Vậy nếu \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\) thì \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky:
\(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
Dấu "=" khi: \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\) hay \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\) thì thỏa mãn đẳng thức
p/s: Tham khảo,vì t biết lớp 8 chưa học Bunyakovsky,đúng ko Phùng Khánh Linh