a=5n=> a^2=5^2.n^2 =25.n^2 hiển nhiên chia hết cho 25
a=5n+1=>a^2= 25n^2+10n+1 =5(5n^2+2n)+1 chia 5 dư 1
a=5n+2=> a^2=25n^2+20n+4=5(5n^2+4n)+4 chia 5 dư 4
a=5n+3=> a^2=25n^2+30n+9=5(5n^2+6n+1)+4 chia 5 dư 4
a=5n+4=>a^2=25n^2+40n+16=5(5n^2+8n+3)+1 chia 5 dư 1
=> dpcm