Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 1: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=b^2+2bc+c^2\\b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2\\c^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\\b^2-a^2-c^2=2ac\\c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Trường hợp 2: a=b=c
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2-c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{a^2}{-2a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{-2b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{-2c^2}=\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}+\dfrac{-1}{2}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)