\(P=a^5-a\)
\(=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)+\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)\)
\(=5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)+\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
Nhân thấy \(5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)⋮5\); \(\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)⋮3!=6\)
=> \(5\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)⋮30\)
\(\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)⋮5!\)
=> \(\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)⋮30\)
Vậy P chia hết cho 30
\(a^5-a=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)=a\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
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