Gọi \(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1}{1}.a=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Zn}=0,3-a-a=0,3-2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow65\left(0,3-2a\right)+56a+24a=13\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,13\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,13\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,3-0,13.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,13}{13}.100\%=56\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,13}{13}.100\%=24\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-56\%-25\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Theo pthh: nH2 = nkim loại = 0,3 (mol)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{80}{80}=1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 1 > 0,3 => CuO dư
Chất rắn sau pư gồm: CuO dư, Cu
Theo pthh: nCuO (pư) = nCu = nH2 = 0,3 (mol)
=> mchất rắn = 80,(1 - 0,3) + 64.0,3 = 75,2 (g)