1/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1;y\ge4\)
\(M=\frac{1\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\frac{2.\sqrt{y-4}}{2y}\le\frac{1+x-1}{2x}+\frac{4+y-4}{4y}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(M_{max}=\frac{3}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{y-4}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
2/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+4x+4=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+2\right)^2=8=2^2+2^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=4\\\left(x+2\right)^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow...\)
3/ \(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+1\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y^2}}=\frac{2x}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y^2}{z^2}+1\ge\frac{2y}{z}\) ; \(\frac{z^2}{x^2}+1\ge\frac{2z}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2}+3\ge\frac{2x}{y}+\frac{2y}{z}+\frac{2z}{x}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2}+3\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+3\sqrt{\frac{xyz}{xyz}}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+\frac{z^2}{x^2}\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)