1/ Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+1=a\\2-5x=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2x^2-5x+3=a+b\)
Ta được:
\(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=0\\a+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+1=0\left(vn\right)\\2-5x=0\\2x^2-5x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2}{5}\\x=1\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2/
\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b}{a-c}+\frac{c}{b-a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b\left(b-a\right)+c\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{c^2+ab-bc-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ; \(\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+bc-ac-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2+c^2+ab-bc-a^2+a^2+bc-ca-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
c/
\(M=x^2+5y^2-4xy+2x-8y+2018\)
\(M=\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2013\)
\(M=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2013\ge2013\)
\(M_{min}=2013\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y+1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
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