1) a) Tìm các số tự nhiên a,b,c để số 356abc chia hết cho 5,7 và 9.
b) Cho S= 5 + 5^2 + 5^3 +... + 5^2013 . Chứng minh rằng S chia hết cho 31.
2) 2 vòi nước cùng chảy vào 1 bể nước thì sau 12 giờ sẽ đầy bể. Nếu 2 vòi cùng chảy trong 4 giờ rồi đóng vòi 1 sau đó cho vòi 2 chạy thêm 5 giờ nữa thì được 7/12 bể. Hỏi nếu chỉ chạy 1 mình mỗi vòi thì phải chạy hết mấy giờ mới đầy bể ?
3) a) Chứng minh rằng số A= 10^n + 18 x n -1 chia hết cho 27 ( n là số tự nhiên )
b) Chứng minh rằng với mọi số tự nhiên n phân số phân số sau tối giản: 16n + 3 / 12n +2
Câu 1 :
a) 356abc chia hết cho 5;7 và 9
\(\Rightarrow\)356abc chia hết cho BCNN (5,7,9)
\(\Rightarrow\)356abc chia hết cho 315
Ta thấy : 356999 chia cho 315 dư 104. Do đó :
356999 - 104 = 356895 chia hết cho 315
356895 - 315 = 356580 chia hết cho 315
356580 - 315 = 356265 chia hết cho 315
Đó là 3 số cần tìm.
b) S= 5 + 52 + 53 + ........ + 52013
Tổng S có 2013 có số, nhóm 3 số vào 1 nhóm thì vừa hết
Ta có :
S = (5 + 52 + 53) + (54 + 55 + 56) +........+ (52011 + 52012 + 52013)
S = (5 + 52 + 53) + 53(5 + 52 + 53) + ......+ 52010(5 + 52 + 53)
S = 5(1 + 5 + 52) + 54(1 + 5 + 52) + .......+ 52011(1 + 5 + 52)
S = 5 . 31 + 54 . 31 + .......+ 52011 . 31
S = 31(5 + 54 + ......+ 52011) chia hết cho 31
Bài 3 :
a) 10n + 18n - 1 = 10n - 1 - 9n + 27n = 999 ...9 - 9n + 27n = 9(11....1 - n) + 27n chia hết cho 27
(n chữ số 9) (n chữ số 1)
99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999