Chương 6. Hiđrocacbon không no

TK#

\(n_{Br_2}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ C_2H_2+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow Ag_2C_2+2NH_4NO_3\\ n_{Ag_2C_2}=\dfrac{96}{240}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_2}=n_{Ag_2C_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_2}=0,4.26=10,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(C_2H_4,C_2H_6\right)}=28-10,4=17,6\left(g\right)\\ C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\left(1\right)\\ C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\left(2\right)\\ n_{Br_2\left(2\right)}=1-2.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_4}=n_{Br_2\left(2\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{C_2H_4}=0,2.28=5,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{C_2H_6}=17,6-5,6=12\left(g\right)\\ hhA:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_2H_4:5,6\left(g\right)\\C_2H_6:12\left(g\right)\\C_2H_2:10,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đề yêu cầu gì bạn nhỉ?

a) \(n_X=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right);n_{C_2Ag_2}=\dfrac{144}{240}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(C_2H_2+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow C_2Ag_2\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\)

0,4<---------------------------------0,4

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\)

b) \(n_{C_2H_4}=1,5-0,4-0,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CH_4}=0,5.16=8\left(g\right)\\m_{C_2H_2}=0,4.26=10,4\left(g\right)\\m_{C_2H_4}=0,6.28=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)

        0,4------------------>0,2

\(\Rightarrow m_{C_4H_4}=0,2.80\%.52=8,32\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_X=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

 \(n_{C_2Ag_2}=\dfrac{48}{240}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{C_2H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_2}=0,2.26=5,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Br_2}=\dfrac{88}{160}=0,55\left(mol\right)=n_{C_2H_4}+2n_{C_2H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_4}=0,55-0,2.2=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_4}=0,15.28=4,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_4}=0,45-0,15-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CH_4}=0,1.16=1,6\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{hh}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{t\text{ăng}}=m_{C_2H_4}=1,05\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{1,05}{28}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{ankan}=0,1-0,0375=0,0625\left(mol\right);n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

Đặt CTPT của ankan X là \(C_nH_{2n+2}\left(n\in N;n\ge1\right)\)

PTHH:

\(C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\\ C_nH_{2n+2}+\dfrac{3n+1}{2}O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}nCO_2+\left(n+1\right)H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_X}=\dfrac{0,375}{0,0625}=6\left(t/m\right)\)

Vậy X là C₆H₁₄

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{0,0375.28}{0,0375.28+0,0625.86}.100\%=16,34\%\\\%m_{C_6H_{14}}=100\%-16,34\%=83,66\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

CTCT của X: \(CH_3-C\left(CH_3\right)_2-CH_2-CH_3\)

Tên thông thường: 2,2-đimetylbutan

a, m _{bình tăng} = m_C2H4 = 1,05 (g)

\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{1,05}{28}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_X=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}-0,0375=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi CTPT của X là C_nH_2n+2

\(\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_X}=6\)

Vậy: X là C₆H₁₄.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{1,05}{1,05+0,0625.86}.100\%\approx16,34\%\\\%m_{C_6H_{14}}\approx83,66\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, CTCT: \(CH_3C\left(CH_3\right)_2CH_2CH_3\)

Tên gọi: neo - hexan.