a,
36 x 40 = (36 x 4) x 10 = 144 x 10 = 1 440
72 x 60 = (72 x 6) x 10 = 432 x 10 = 4 320
89 x 50 = (89 x 5) x 10 = 445 x 10 = 4 450
b,
450 x 70 = (45 x 7) x 100 = 315 x 100 = 31 500
2300 x 500 = (23 x 5) x 10 000 = 115 x 10 000 = 1 150 000
17 000 x 30 = (17 x 3) x 10 000 = 510 000