a) \(3\left(5-4n\right)+\left(27+2n\right)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15-12n+27+2n>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow42-10n>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-10n>-42\Leftrightarrow n< 4,2\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{n|n< 4,2\right\}\)
b) \(\left(n+2\right)^2-\left(n-3\right)\left(n+3\right)\le40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n^2+4n+4-n^2+9\le40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4n+13\le40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4n\le27\Leftrightarrow n\le6,75\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{n|n\le6,75\right\}\)