a. \(x^2+9x+20=\left(x^2+4x\right)+\left(5x+20\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+4\right)+5\left(x+4\right)=\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
Tương tự: \(x^2+11x+30=\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(x^2+13x+42=\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow PT=\frac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+4}-\frac{1}{x+5}+\frac{1}{x+5}-\frac{1}{x+6}+\frac{1}{x+6}-\frac{1}{x+7}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+4}-\frac{1}{x+7}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(=18\left(x+7\right)-18\left(x+4\right)=\left(x+7\right)\left(x+4\right)\)
\(=x^2+11x+28=54\)
\(=x^2+11x-26=0\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x\right)+\left(13x-26\right)=0\)
\(=x\left(x-2\right)+13\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(=\left(x+13\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-13\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2}{3}\\x=-\frac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)