a) x2 - 2 = ( 2x + 3 ) ( x + 5 ) + 23
⇔ x2 - 2 - 2x2 - 13x - 15 - 23 = 0
⇔ - x2 - 13x - 40 = 0
⇔ ( x + 5 ) ( x + 8 ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5=0\\x+8=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\frac{1}{x^2+9x+20}+\frac{1}{x^2+11x+30}+\frac{1}{x^2+13x+42}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+4}-\frac{1}{x+5}+\frac{1}{x+5}-\frac{1}{x+6}+\frac{1}{x+6}-\frac{1}{x+7}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+4}-\frac{1}{x+7}=\frac{1}{18}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+7\right)-\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\frac{1}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)=3\times18\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x+28=54\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+13\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)