Question

Chứng minh rằng:

a) 4+4\(^2\)\(+4^3+4^4+.....+4^{60}\) chia hết cho 5, chia hết cho 21

b) \(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+....+5^{10}\)chia hết cho 6

Answer 1

a, 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 5

= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + ( \(4^3\) + \(4^4\) ) +... + ( \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\))

= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + \(4^3\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) +... + \(4^{59}\). ( 4 + \(4^2\) )

= 20 + \(4^3\) . 20 + ... + \(4^{59}\) . 20

= 20 . ( 1 + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{59}\) ) chia hết cho 5

4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 21

= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ( \(4^4\) + \(4^5\) + \(4^6\) ) + ... + ( \(4^{58}\)+ \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\) )

= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + \(4^4\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ... + \(4^{58}\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) )

= 84 + \(4^4\) . 84 + .... + \(4^{58}\) . 84

= 84 . ( 1 + \(4^4\) + ... + \(4^{58}\) ) chia hết cho 21

b, 5 + \(5^2\) + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^{10}\) chia hết cho 6

= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ( \(5^3\) + \(5^4\) ) + ... + ( \(5^9\) + \(5^{10}\) )

= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + \(5^3\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ... + \(5^9\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) )

= 30 + \(5^3\) . 30 + ... + \(5^9\) . 30

= 30 . ( 1 + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^9\) ) chia hết cho 6