a) \(S=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{99}\)
\(=\left(5+5^2+5^3\right)+\left(5^4+5^5+5^6\right)+...+\left(5^{97}+5^{98}+5^{99}\right)\)
\(=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+5^4\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{97}\left(1+5+5^2\right)\)
\(=5.31+5^4.31+...+5^{97}.31\)
\(=31\left(5+5^4+...+5^{97}\right)⋮31\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) \(S=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{99}\)
\(=5+\left(5^2+5^3\right)+\left(5^4+5^5\right)+...+\left(5^{98}+5^{99}\right)\)
\(=5+5\left(5+5^2\right)+5^3\left(5+5^2\right)+...+5^{97}\left(5+5^2\right)\)
\(=5+5.30+5^3.30+...+5^{97}.30\)
\(=5+30.\left(5+5^3+...+5^{97}\right)\)
Mà \(5⋮̸30\) nên \(S⋮̸30\left(đpcm\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(5S=5^2+5^3+5^4+5^5+...+5^{100}\)
\(5S-S=\left(5^2+5^3+5^4+5^5+...+5^{100}\right)-\left(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{99}\right)\)
\(4S=5^{100}-5\)
\(\Rightarrow25^x-5=5^{100}-5\)
\(\Rightarrow25^x=5^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow25^x=25^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=50\)