Question

Cho a,b,c là độ dài ba cạnh của tam giác . Chứng minh rằng :

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{2ca}>1\)

Answer 1

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b-c=x\\ b+c-a=y\\ c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{x+z}{2}\\ b=\frac{x+y}{2}\\ c=\frac{y+z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) $(x,y,z>0$ do $a,b,c$ là 3 cạnh tam giác.

Khi đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(a+b)^2-c^2}{2ab}+\frac{(b+c)^2-a^2}{2bc}+\frac{(c+a)^2-b^2}{2ca}-3\)

\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a+b-c}{2ab}+\frac{b+c-a}{2bc}+\frac{c+a-b}{2ca}\right)-3\)

\(=2(x+y+z)\left(\frac{x}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{y}{(y+x)(y+z)}+\frac{z}{(z+x)(z+y)}\right)-3\)

\(=4(x+y+z).\frac{xy+yz+xz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3\)

\(=4.\frac{xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)+3xyz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3=4.\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)+xyz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3\)

\(>4.\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3=4-3=1\)

Ta có đpcm.

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Answer 2

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b-c=x\\ b+c-a=y\\ c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{x+z}{2}\\ b=\frac{x+y}{2}\\ c=\frac{y+z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) $(x,y,z>0$ do $a,b,c$ là 3 cạnh tam giác.

Khi đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(a+b)^2-c^2}{2ab}+\frac{(b+c)^2-a^2}{2bc}+\frac{(c+a)^2-b^2}{2ca}-3\)

\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a+b-c}{2ab}+\frac{b+c-a}{2bc}+\frac{c+a-b}{2ca}\right)-3\)

\(=2(x+y+z)\left(\frac{x}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{y}{(y+x)(y+z)}+\frac{z}{(z+x)(z+y)}\right)-3\)

\(=4(x+y+z).\frac{xy+yz+xz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3\)

\(=4.\frac{xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)+3xyz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3=4.\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)+xyz}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3\)

\(>4.\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}-3=4-3=1\)

Ta có đpcm.

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