Ta có:
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2004}\)
\(=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+...+\left(3^{2002}+3^{2003}+3^{2004}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{2002}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=\left(3+3^4+...+3^{2002}\right)\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=\left(3+3^4+...+3^{2002}\right).13\)
=> A chia hết cho 13 (1)
Lại có:
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2004}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3\right)+\left(3^2+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2001}+3^{2003}\right)+\left(3^{2002}+3^{2004}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3^2\right)+3^2\left(1+3^2\right)+...+3^{2001}\left(1+3^2\right)+3^{2002}\left(1+3^2\right)\)
\(=\left(3+3^2+...+3^{2001}+3^{2002}\right)\left(1+3^2\right)\)
\(=\left(3+3^2+...+3^{2001}+3^{2002}\right).10\)
=> A chia hết cho 10 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra A chia hết cho 130
Ta có: 3A = 3(3+32+...+32004)
3A = 32+33+...+32005
3A-A= 32005 + 3
2A = 32005 +3
A = 32005 + 3 / 2
Vì A có 2004 số hạng, nhóm A thành các nhóm, mỗi nhóm có 4 số hạng
=>A=(3+32 +33 +34 )+(35+36 +37+38)+...+(32001+32002+32003+32004)
A=(3+32+33+34)+34(3+32+33+34)+...+32000(3+32+33+34)
A=(1+34+...+32000)(3+32+33+34)
A=(1+34+...+32000).180(chia hết cho 180)
Vậy A chia hết cho 180 (đpcm)