1. c. Early animation
In the 1880s, Eadweard Muybridge invented the zoopraxiscope. This machine took photographs of moving things. This was the earliest form of animation.
2. a. Stop-motion animation
In 1895, the Lumière brothers invented the cinematograph. Early film-makers used it to make stop-motion animation. With this technique, they made King Kong in 1933.
3. d. Hand-drawn animation
In the 1920s, Walt Disney began to use 'hand drawn animation'. Artists drew the pictures onto transparent pieces of plastic, or cels. The film-makers put the cels on painted backgrounds and photographed them one at a time. In 1928, Disney studios introduced the character of Mickey Mouse in the first cartoon with sound, Steamboat Willie.
4. b. Computer animation
In the 1960s, people started using computer animation. At first, computers could only make simple stick figures move on films, but by the 1990s, studios used realistic computer generated imagery (CGI) for special effects. Soon, they were producing completely computer-animated films; Toy Story (1995) was the first fully CGI cartoon.
