a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+1}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{x+1}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x+1}+1\right)-\sqrt{x+1}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|+\left|2-\sqrt{x-1}\right|=1\)
Ta có \(VT\ge\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1+2-\sqrt{x-1}\right|=1\)
Nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(1\le\sqrt{x-1}\le2\Rightarrow2\le x\le5\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(2\le x\le5\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}+1\right|-\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=2\)
- Với \(\sqrt{x-1}\ge1\Rightarrow x\ge2\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-\sqrt{x-1}+1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2=2\) (luôn đúng)
- Với \(1\le x< 2\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-1+\sqrt{x-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\Rightarrow x=2\left(l\right)\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(x\ge2\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: \(-\le x\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5-4x^2+4\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\sqrt{5-4x^2-4\sqrt{1-x^2}}=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-4x^2+2\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1}+\sqrt{4-4x^2-2\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1}=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4-4x^2}-1\right)^2}=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{4-4x^2}-1\right|=2x+2\)
TH1: \(\sqrt{4-4x^2}\ge1\Rightarrow-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\le x\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1+\sqrt{4-4x^2}-1=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-4x^2}=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-4x^2=x^2+2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+2x-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(l\right)\\x=\frac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}-1\le x< -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\\\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}< x\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{4-4x^2}+1+1-\sqrt{4-4x^2}=2x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=0\Rightarrow x=0\left(l\right)\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=\frac{3}{5}\)