a) \(\dfrac{x+5}{2010}+\dfrac{x+4}{2011}+\dfrac{x+3}{2012}+\dfrac{x+2}{2013}=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+5}{2010}+\dfrac{x+4}{2011}+\dfrac{x+3}{2012}+\dfrac{x+2}{2013}+4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+5}{2010}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+4}{2011}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{2012}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+2}{2013}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+5}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{2010}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+4}{2011}+\dfrac{2011}{2011}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2012}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+2}{2013}+\dfrac{2013}{2013}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+5+2010}{2010}+\dfrac{x+4+2011}{2011}+\dfrac{x+3+2012}{2012}+\dfrac{x+2+2013}{2013}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2015}{2010}+\dfrac{x+2015}{2011}+\dfrac{x+2015}{2012}+\dfrac{x+2015}{2013}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2015\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2010}+\dfrac{1}{2011}+\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{1}{2013}\right)=0\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{2010}+\dfrac{1}{2011}+\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{1}{2013}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2015=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2015\)
b) \(\dfrac{x-22}{77}+\dfrac{x-11}{78}=\dfrac{x-74}{15}+\dfrac{x-73}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-22}{77}+\dfrac{x-11}{78}-2=\dfrac{x-74}{15}+\dfrac{x-73}{16}-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-22}{77}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-11}{78}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-74}{15}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-73}{16}-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-22}{77}-\dfrac{77}{77}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-11}{78}-\dfrac{78}{78}\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-74}{15}-\dfrac{15}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-73}{16}-\dfrac{16}{16}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-22-77}{77}+\dfrac{x-11-78}{78}=\dfrac{x-74-15}{15}+\dfrac{x-73-16}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-99}{77}+\dfrac{x-99}{78}=\dfrac{x-99}{15}+\dfrac{x-99}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-99\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}\right)=\left(x-99\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-99\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}\right)-\left(x-99\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-99\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}-\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=0\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}-\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-99=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=99\)