\(\text{a) }cos\left(x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{2}=cos\frac{\pi}{3}\\\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{\pi}{3}+m2\pi\\x-\frac{\pi}{3}=-\frac{\pi}{3}+n2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2\pi}{3}+m2\pi\\x=n2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{b) }pt\Leftrightarrow cos\left(3x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{2}=cos\frac{\pi}{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{\pi}{3}+m2\pi\\3x-\frac{\pi}{3}=-\frac{\pi}{3}+n2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2\pi}{9}+\frac{m2\pi}{3}\\x=\frac{n2\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{c) }pt\Leftrightarrow cos\left(4x+\frac{\pi}{5}\right)=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=cos\frac{5\pi}{6}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x+\frac{\pi}{5}=\frac{5\pi}{6}+m2\pi\\4x+\frac{\pi}{5}=-\frac{5\pi}{6}+n2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{19\pi}{120}+\frac{m\pi}{2}\\x=-\frac{31\pi}{120}+\frac{n\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{d) }ĐKXĐ:cosx\ne-\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x\ne\pm\frac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\left(4cosx+3\right)=5\left(2cosx+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow cosx=\frac{1}{2}=cos\frac{\pi}{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\pm\frac{\pi}{3}+m2\pi\)
Vậy \(x=\pm\frac{\pi}{3}+m2\pi\)