* Ta c/m: \(x^5-x⋮30\forall x\in Z\)
+ \(x^5-x=x\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\)
Vì \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\) là tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮5\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮2\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮30\) ( do 2,3,5 đôi một nguyên tố cùng nhau ) (1)
+ \(\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\) là tích 3 số nguyên liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮2\\\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮6\) ( do \(\left(2,3\right)=1\) )
\(\Rightarrow5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮30\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
Trở lại bài toán ta có:
\(P-M=a^{2019}\left(a^5-a\right)+b^{2019}\left(b^5-b\right)+c^{2019}\left(c^5-c\right)⋮30\)
( do \(a^5-a⋮30,b^5-b⋮30,c^5-c⋮30\) )
=> P và M có cùng số dư khi chia 30
=> P chia 30 dư 7