PTTH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2\(\uparrow\) (1)
Theo pt: 2 ......... 3 ................. 1 ............. 3 ......... (mol)
Theo đề: 0,2 .... 0,3 .............. 0,1 ........... 0,3 ...... (mol)
PTHH: Ba + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) BaSO4\(\downarrow\) + H2\(\uparrow\) (2)
Theo pt: 1 ........ 1 ............. 1 ........... 1 ...... (mol)
Theo đề: 0,1 ... 0,1 .......... 0,1 ........ 0,1 ..... (mol)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{đktc}}{22,4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x (mol) là số mol của H2(1) \(\Rightarrow\) nH2(2) = 0,4 - x (mol)
Do đó: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2x}{3}\left(mol\right)\) và \(n_{Ba}=0,4-x\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{Al}+m_{Ba}=19,1\left(gt\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow27.\dfrac{2x}{3}+137\left(0,4-x\right)=19,1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18x+54,8-137x=19,1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18x-137x=19,1-54,8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-119x=-35,7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Suy ra: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{2.0,3}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
và \(n_{Ba}=0,4-x=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=n.M=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Ba}=n.M=0,1.137=13,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{5,4}{19,1}.100\%\approx28,27\%\)
\(\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{m_{Ba}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{13,7}{19,1}.100\%\approx71,73\%\)
b) \(m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{H_2SO_{4\left(1\right)}}+m_{H_2SO_{4\left(2\right)}}=98\left(0,3+0,1\right)=39,2\left(g\right)\)