2) a) \(P=3x^2+y^2-8x+2xy+16\)
\(P=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+8\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x-2\right)^2+8\ge8\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của P là 8 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-x\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của P là 8 khi \(x=2;y=-2\)
b) \(Q=x^2+2y^2-2xy-4y+2017\)
\(Q=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2013\)
\(Q=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2013\ge2013\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của Q là 2013 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của Q là 2013 khi \(x=y=2\)
c) \(M=2x^2+y^2-2xy-2x+2016\)
\(M=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2015\)
\(M=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+2015\ge2015\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của M là 2015 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy GTNN của M là 2015 khi \(x=y=1\)
