1. Biết số tự nhiên a chia cho 5 dư 4. Chứng minh rằng \(a^2\) chia cho 5 dư 1
2. Rút gọn biểu thức : \(P=12\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\)
3. Chứng minh hằng đẳng thức: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(P=12\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{15}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(5^2-1\right)\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(5^4-1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(5^8-1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(5^{16}-1\right)\left(5^{16}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(5^{32}+1\right)=\frac{5^{32}+1}{2}\)
a)
Ta có
a chia 5 dư 4
=> a=5k+4 ( k là số tự nhiên )
\(\Rightarrow a^2=\left(5k+4\right)^2=25k^2+40k+16\)
Vì 25k^2 chia hết cho 5
40k chia hết cho 5
16 chia 5 dư 1
=> đpcm
2) Ta có
\(12=\frac{5^2-1}{2}\)
Thay vào biểu thức ta có
\(P=\frac{\left(5^2-1\right)\left(5^2+1\right)\left(5^4+1\right)\left(5^8+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left[\left(5^2\right)^2-1^2\right]\left[\left(5^2\right)^2+1^2\right]\left(5^8+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left[\left(5^4\right)^2-1^2\right]\left[\left(5^4\right)^2+1^2\right]}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{5^{16}-1}{2}\)
3)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=\left(a+b\right)^3+3\left(a+b\right)^2c+3\left(a+b\right)c^2+c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^2+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ca+cb+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)