Creating comparisons. Compare the items in each of these pairs orally in one or two sentences. Note that the items have something in common, for otherwise there would be no point in comparing them. A good way to make a comparison is to begin with that they have in common. Include at least one way the items are similar and one way they are different. For example, to compare tea and coffee, you might say, “Both coffee and tea are drinks, but coffee is made from a bean and tea is prepared from leaves.”

1. a telescope and a microscope ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. a submarine and a dolphin ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. a computer and a calculator ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. a desert and a jungle ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. a photocopier and an x-ray machine ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise 1: Change the following active sentences into the passive ones

1. We notice that the displacement changes between positive and negative values. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

2. We can use the displacement - graph to find the period and frequency of the oscillation. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

3. A placement – time graph can represent many oscillating systems. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

4. If we compare the displacement –time and acceleration-time graphs, we’ll see that they are very similar to one another. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

5. We can deduce the velocity graph from the displacement graph. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

6. We say that these oscillations are damped. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

7. Chemists have shown that if we mix iron ore with coal or charcoal, we’ll obtain iron. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

8. We can extract elements from their compounds by spectroscopy. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

9. We can not decompose the radioactive elements by ordinary heat, electricity, reaction with acids, and the like. …………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………

10 . Since the 1960s, in medical scientists have used lasers in treating many diseases ……………………………………………………………………………………

Rewrite each of the following sentences in the way that its meaning retains

1. If we divide the mass of a substance by its density, we obtain its volume

-> To...........

2. Time, mass, and length are the most important dundamental units

-> The.............

3. The basic concepts of the thermodynamics are easily understood in terms of experiments

-> With...................

4. At atom is the smallest particle that can not be split up in a chemical actions

-> The..................

5. In a liquid, the depth and the pressure are in direct proportion

->In a liquid.......................

6. The emission of alpha and beta particles causes a change in the atom

-> A change...................

7. Each radioactive element has a fixed rate of decay called half-life

->The half-life.............................

8.Fast moving a particles could split the nucleus of an atom

->The nuclues.................

9. Lightweight nuclei can be combined in to heavier nuclei

->Heavier nuclei....................

10. Cadmium absorbs neutrons, so cadmium robs are inserted or removed to control reaction

-> As...............................

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