Unit 2: Urbanisation

Language

Vocabulary

1. Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED again. Match the words in the conversation with the appropriate definitions. (Xem cuộc trò chuyện trong GETTING STARTED lần nữa. Nối các từ trong các cuộc trò chuyện với các định nghĩa thích hợp.)\

1. urbanisation (n)
2. overload (v)
3. industrialisation (n) 
4. agricultural (adj)
5. switch off (v)

a. the period of time when a country develops a lot of industries on a wide scale (khoảng thời gian khi một quốc gia phát triển nhiều ngành công nghiệp trên quy mô lớn)

b. a population shift from rural to urban areas (một sự thay đổi dân số từ nông thôn ra thành thị) 

c .stop paying attention (không để ý)

d. relating to the practice or science of farming (liên quan đến việc thực hành hoặc khoa học của nông nghiệp)

e. give too much information, work or responsibility (đưa ra quá nhiều thông tin, làm việc hoặc trách nhiệm)

Key:

1. b

2. e

3. a

4. d

5. c

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in 1. (Hoàn thành câu với hình thức đúng của từ trong bài 1.)

 

1. The impact of increased_______________ has been harmful to the environment and has led to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Students can easily __________________their short-term memory with unnecessary information.
3. The lecture was two hours long and boring, so by the end of it, I completely____________________.
4. Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the majority of the population were employed as ___________________labourers.
5. The transformation of China into a modern economy started in 1950s through the process of ____________________.

Key:

1. urbanisation

2. overload

3. switched off

4. agricultural

5. industrialisation

3. Match a word on the left with a word on right to make a compound adjective. (Nối một từ bên trái với một từ bên phải để tạo một tính từ hỗn hợp.)

 

Key:

weather-beaten: thời tiết xấu

well-paid: trả lương cao

long-lasting: kéo dài lâu

year-round: quanh năm

worldwide: rộng khắp thế giới

downmarket: thị trường cấp thấp

4. Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box. (Hoàn thành văn bản dưới đây với các tính từ hỗn hợp được đưa ra trong hộp.)

long-term      fast-growing       weather-beaten      well-paid      up-to-date

Many young people in rural areas don't want to spend their lives on the farm like their (1) parents. They understand that there are better (2)__________________________ job prospects for them in the city. So they leave their home villages to find (3)   _______ jobs in the (4)__________________________ Industrial zones. In the city, young people can also have access to (5) ______ facilities and technology.

Key:

1. weather-beaten

2. long-term

3. well-paid

4. fast-growing

5. up-to-date

Pronounciation

1. Listen to the conversation and pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined parts. (Nghe đoạn hội thoại và chú ý đến cách phát âm của các phần gạch chân.)

 

Click tại đây để nghe: 

Joe: Hi, Mike!

Mike: Hello, Joe! I haven't seen you for ages. You look tired!

Joe: I've just come back from the city.

Mike: Did you take the train?

Joe: Yes, but it took five hours! The journey was really slow and it was so noisy and crowded.

Mike: Well, trains are still slower than coaches.

Joe: Sure. They should replace them with new, high-speed trains. Next time I'll go by coach. And how are you?

Mike: Well, life hasn't changed much for me. I still live and work on my farm with my wife, but my sons and daughters have all moved to the city.

Joe: So you really like it here in the countryside?

Mike: Yes, I do. I keep hearing about all the crimes noise and pollution in big cities, especially in industrial zones. My wife is so worried about children that she calls them almost every day

Joe: They're young and the city life is interesting for them. They will also have better career prospects.

Mike: Yes, I agree. They have managed to find well-paid jobs and are really enjoying life there

2. Now listen to the conversation in 1 again. Pay attention to the diphthongs in the conversation. Practise it with a partner. (Bây giờ nghe đoạn hội thoại trong phần 1 lần nữa. Hãy chú ý đến nguyên âm đôi trong cuộc trò chuyện. Thực hành với một người bạn.)

Click tại đây để nghe: 

Grammar

1. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (Hoàn thành các câu, sử dụng hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc đơn.)

1. It is important that he (get) into a good university.

2. The teacher demanded that the classroom (clean)   immediately.

3. My father insists that my brother (work) on the farm.

4. It is vital that people (allow) to choose where to live.

5. I requested that everyone in my class (attend) my presentation.

6. It is crucial that urban people (not look down on) rural people.

Key:

1. (should) get

2. (should) be cleaned

3. (should) work

4. (should) be allowed

5. (should) attend

6. (should) not look down on

2. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use the appropriate form. (Hoàn thành câu với động từ trong hộp. Sử dụng các hình thức thích hợp.)

tell   return   study   obey    search

1. Her parents insisted that she ____ hard for the GCSE exams.
2. It is essential that young people from rural areas _____ the truth about city life.
3. It is imperative that all migrants ______ the rules and regulations of the residential areas they move to.
4. The police demanded that the stolen money ____ to the bank.
5. It is a good idea that the police ____ for the missing people.

Key:

1. (should) study	2. (should) be told	3. (should) obey
4. (should) be returned	5. (should) search / (should) be searching