Question

Tính góc giữa hai đường thẳng:

a) \({\Delta _1}:\sqrt 3 x + y - 4 = 0\) và\({\Delta _2}:x + \sqrt 3 y + 3 = 0\)

b) \({d_1}:\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x =  - 1 + 2t\\y = 3 + 4t\end{array} \right.\) và \({d_2}:\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = 3 + s\\y = 1 - 3s\end{array} \right.\)

Answer 1

a) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {{n_1}}  = \left( {\sqrt 3 ;1} \right),\overrightarrow {{n_2}}  = \left( {1;\sqrt 3 } \right)\)

Suy ra: \(\cos \left( {{\Delta _1},{\Delta _2}} \right) = \left| {\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {{n_1}} ;\overrightarrow {{n_2}} } \right)} \right| = \frac{{\left| {\sqrt 3 .1 + 1.\sqrt 3 } \right|}}{{\sqrt {{1^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 3 } \right)}^2}} .\sqrt {{1^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 3 } \right)}^2}} }} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {{\Delta _1},{\Delta _2}} \right) = {30^o}\)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {{u_1}}  = \left( {2;4} \right),\overrightarrow {{u_2}}  = \left( {1; - 3} \right)\)

Suy ra: \(\cos \left( {{d_1},{d_2}} \right) = \left| {\cos \left( {\overrightarrow {{u_1}} ;\overrightarrow {{u_2}} } \right)} \right| = \frac{{\left| {2.1 + 4.\left( { - 3} \right)} \right|}}{{\sqrt {{2^2} + {4^2}} .\sqrt {{1^2} + {{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2}} }} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {{\Delta _1},{\Delta _2}} \right) = {45^o}\)