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PAPER RECYCLINGA Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A .......................
2. Paragraph B .......................
3. Paragraph C .......................
4. Paragraph D .......................
5. Paragraph E .......................
A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Preocess of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A .......................
2. Paragraph B .......................
3. Paragraph C .......................
4. Paragraph D .......................
5. Paragraph E .......................
16/ One way of preventing further flooding would be to _______ the river bed.
A. deep B. deepen C. deeper D. depth
17/ It is important to educate children before they become sexually _______.
A. act B. active C. action D. actor
19/ Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed _______.
A. choice B. choose C. chooser D. choosing
20/ The company's new model will be going into _______ early next year.
A. produce B. producer C. products D. production
21/ You _______ change trains at Peterborough if you're going to Newcastle.
A. could B. should C. did D. would
22/ You _______ have a piece of cake after you've eaten your vegetables!
A. can B. could C. shall D. might
23/ If you show the receipt, there _______ to be any difficulty getting your money back.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. didn’t D. oughtn't
24/ They knew there _______ be trouble unless the report was finished by the next day.
A. ought to B. should C. would D. must
29/ There are, _______ you don't mind me saying so, one or two problems with this plan.
A. if B. provided C. in case D. as long as
People in the United States often shop from catalogs. There are special catalogs for (1)...............every need, including clothing, furniture, health, (2).................products and things for the kitchen. People also order (3)..............40% of their music club catalogs. Customers say that music stores are too noisy.
Television shopping began in 1986. About 5% to 8% of the American public now shops by television. Some (4)..............shopping channels are the Home Shopping Network and QVC. Customers say that television shopping is (5).................than shopping in a store. How do they buy things? They (6)......................a phone call and charge the item to their credit card. And TV shopping channels are on late at night (7)...............people can go shopping anytime.
Is the computer shopping the way of furniture? About 37% of American (8)....................now have personal computers. And shopping by computer (or shopping on-line) is(9).................to more people every day. Already, shoppers can use their computers to order many different products, such as computers products, flowers, foods, T-shirts and posters. And new on-line shopping services (20).....................everyday. Soon people may be able to shop for anything, anytime, anywhere in the world.
1. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. most of
2. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautified
3. A. to B. of C. for D. about
4. A. popular B. liked C. favourite D. beloved
5. A. larger B. more C. easier D. popular
6. A. do B. make C. have D. have
7. A. so B. but C. because D. though
8. A. houseful B. housework C. housewife D.households
9. A. exciting B. surprising C. amazing D. interesting
10. A. raise B. come C. appear D. forecast
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 21 to 25.
I know that it is my job to make sure that everything goes well for the tourists and I feel I work hard for the company. I cannot be blamed for last week. I met the group at the airport and took them to the coach. The coach driver was a bit annoyed because the flight was late. But it wasn’t far to the hotel and everyone was looking forward to their dinner. We hadn’t used the Hotel Riviera before but our normal one had a conference in it so it was fully booked. When I announced our arrival at the reception desk, they said they were full. I had booked rooms for the group but the manager said they were cancelled by phone a few days before. He insisted that he recognized my voice and that I had made the phone call. We had a bit of an argument but they obviously didn’t have enough rooms. In the end the manager phoned other hotels in the town and found rooms for everyone but in four different hotels. By this time, the coach had gone so we had to get taxis and some of the tourists started to get very angry with me. I still don’t know who made that phone call but it definitely wasn’t me.
6. Bill Gates built his microcomputer software company into one of the largest in the nation, and in doing sobecame one of the country's wealthiest and most respected man.... tìm và sửa lỗi sai giúp em ạ !!! giải thích cụ thể đc k ạ??
1.The leader of that company, along with two of his colleagues and his secretary, __accused of fraud yesterday.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
2. People________it when you listen to them and not only talk about yourself.
A. likes B. like C. liked D. have liked
3. Anyone who has had children________the importance of teaching kids self-discipline.
A. understand B. understands C. was understood D. were understood
4. Be careful! Neither the bread nor the cheese________fresh enough to eat.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
1. He would get mark 10 if he ________ again the paper. He made one mistake in it.
A. read B. is reading C. reads D. will read
2. If I ________ get a car sick, I would go there with you.
A. won’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
3. If he worked harder, he ________ pass the entrance examination.
A. will B. would C. is going to D. can
4. If you ________ the front door carefully, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into your house.
A. have locked B. locked C. would lock D. had locked
5. He ________ her an opportunity to work in his office if she had had English proficiency.
A. would have given B. will have given C. will give D. gives
6. If it ________tomorrow, I will not have to water the garden.
A. will rain B. is raining C. rained D. rains
7. Had I known his address, I ________ before.
A. would write B. have written C. had written D. would have written
8. ________ already busy in August, I would gladly accept your invitation.
A. Was I not B. Were I not C. If I am not D. Unless I was not
9.If you _________5 minutes late, you won’t be able to get into the examination room.
A. will be | B. were | C. are | D. would be |
10. If she ____________ English well, she would be offered that job.
A. will speak | B. speaks | C. is speaking | D. spoke |
Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined part in each of the following questions.
11. Sperm whale populations are at risk due to hunting.
A. in danger B. at hand C. on purpose D. in use
12. There is a wide variety of opinions on sea food cultivation.
A. same B. diversity C. supply D. Interaction
13. Sperm whales and sharks are carnivores.
A. animals that live in the sea B. animals that only eat plants.
C. fish that aren’t born from eggs D. animals that eat meat.
14. How many offspring does a sperm whale usually have?
A. eggs B. mammals C. babies D. diets.
15. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans.
A. living in the mountain B. living in the ocean
C. living in the forest D. living in the house
16. They tried to find a way of bettering their lives.
A. moving B. changing C. achieving D. improving
17. If modern technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information.
A. valuable B. precise C. confidential D. detailed
18. The floor was covered in tiny pieces of paper.
A. many B. very large C. extremely small D. unimportant
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions.
19. Her word has enormously contributed ____________ the charity collection.
A. for B. on C to D. in
20. There is one ocean and it is divided ____________ five different parts: the Pacific, Atlantic,
Antarctic, and Arctic Oceans.
A. into B. of C. in D. at
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Ha Noi, the capital of the Vietnam, is very famous cultural and educational centre.