Read the text and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. (10pts) Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animal. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive mega fossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eater. Moreover,the mega fossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multi-cellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.
11. The word "drastic" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) widespread (B) radial (C) progressive (D) risky
12. According to the theory that the author calls "the traditional view", what was the first form of life to appear on land?
(A) Bacteria (B) Meat-eating animals
(C) Plant-eating animals (D) Vascular plants
13. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
(A) Many terrestrial life-forms died out.
(B) New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate.
(C) The mega fossils were destroyed by floods.
(D) Life began to develop in the ancient seas.
14. The word "extracted" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) located (B) preserved (C) removed (D) studied
15. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in lines 17-20?
(A) They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life.
(B) They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils.
(C) They are older than the mega fossils.
(D) They consist of modern life forms.
16. The word "instances" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) methods (B) processes (C) cases (D) reasons
17. The word "they" in line 22 refers to
(A) rocks (B) shores (C) oceans (D) specimens
18. The word "entombed" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) crushed (B) trapped (C) produced (D) excavated
19. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?
(A) The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised
(B) Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.
(C) The origins of primitive sea life were explained.
(D) Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.
20. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
(A) The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself.
(B) The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved.
(C) New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years.
(D) The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations about ages of fossils.
6.Our dance class is an excellent bridge _____ different cultures.
7. I sold my bike _____ a profit. 8. She has two cars and a boat, _____ her bicycle. 9. Peter is so far _____ in his rent payments that they are going to throw him out. 10. You make a good case _____ a pay rise, but we can’t afford it. 11. This is the best grammar book I own, but unfortunately it’s out _____ print. 12. Everyone is nice to Ron at work, but they are always talking _____ his back. 13. When I realised I was about to miss my bus, I broke _____ a run to catch it. 14. Please bear _____ us while we try to fix the computer system. 15. What we discussed in our meeting was supposed to be _____ the record, but they printed it in the newspapers anyway. 16. Sales have been increasing _____ the leadership of our new boss. 17. If you hang _____ successful people, you are more likely to become successful yourself.1. Điền các từ cho sẵn vào chỗ chấm:
· back to the drawing board
· between a rock and a hard place
· bite your tongue
· cut to the chase
· every cloud has a silver lining
· find your feet
· fixed in his/her ways
· get up on the wrong side of the bed
· go the extra mile
· put all your eggs in one basket
1. Can you ………………………………. and tell us if we are going to lose our jobs or not?
2. Don't be so grumpy with me! Did you ……………………………….?
3. He's very ……………………………….. He'll never vote Labour. He's voted for the Conservative party his whole life.
4. I know everything seems very bad at the moment but ……………………………….. I'm sure something good will come out of it.
5. I know you shouldn't ……………………………….but I'm going to sell all my stocks and shares and purchase an off-plan property in Spain. I'm sure it will be fine.
6. I was ……………………………….in that meeting. I really wanted to tell him that his idea was no good but you can't say that to the boss.
7. It doesn't look like this strategy to improve the company's profits is working, so it's ………………………………. !
8. Jane really ………………………………. yesterday. I only asked her to pick the kids up from school, but she took them home, helped with their homework and put them to bed.
9. She's ……………………………….Her marriage isn't working so she's very unhappy at home, but if she moves out and leaves him her family will blame her and won't talk to her.
10. The job might seem confusing at first as there are a lot of different departments you need to work with but you'll soon ……………………………….
I. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses.
1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could phay with.
2. I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that d open it with.
3. I don't like him playing in the strests; I wish we had a garden tat he sould play in.
4. The floor is dirty but I haven'i got a brush that Ian wp it with.
5.My files are all over the place I wish I had a Ios that I cold keep them in.
6. She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards, she hadn't anyone to whom she sould send cards.
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
imagine you can take a holiday wherever you want, any time you want. Make notes about your plans:
- Where you're going to go
- Where you're going to stay
- how long your holiday is going to be
- what you're going to do
- who you're going to with
- what you're going to eat
- what time of year you're going to go
Use the words given to write complete sentences
1.We/suggest/making/cave/before/it/rain
2.I/do/know/answer/I/can't/tell/you.
3.I/like/you/help/me/carry/bags.
4.Meat/sliced/into/small pieces/that/everyone/can/take/them/easily.
I. Use reduced relative clauses in the place of the relative clauses.
1. Here are some accounts that you must check
1. His speech was so interesting that everyone paid attention to it.
-> He made such ____________________________________.
2. Due to the bad weather, the football match was cancelled.
-> If it had __________________________________________.
3. There is nothing that I can't do for you.
-> I am willing _______________________________________.
4. They will have to answer the question again.
-> The question _______________________________________.
5. "Why didn't you tell anything?" she said to me.
-> She asked __________________________________________.
6. Linda regretted not asking you for advice.
-> Linda wished ________________________________________.
7. "Would you like me to carry the luggage for you?" he said to her.
-> He offered ___________________________________________.
Combine two sentences into a new one using the given words
1.My brother is too short.He can't play basketball
............................................................................................. (WISH)
2.Hurry up!you may be late forthe meeting
.............................................................................................. (IF)
3.the cost for this tour is affordable.We decided to choose it
............................................................................................... (BECAUSE)
4.He runs more regularly.He is getting healthier
................................................................................................ (MORE)
