Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c< a+b+c+d\\a+b+d< a+b+c+d\\b+c+d< a+b+c+d\\a+c+d< a+b+c+d\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\\ \Rightarrow P>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow P>1\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c>d\\a+b+d>c\\b+c+d>a\\a+c+d>b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2a}{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)}< \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{2b}{\left(a+b+d\right)+\left(a+b+d\right)}< \dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+b+d>c\right)\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{2c}{\left(b+c+d\right)+\left(b+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}\left(b+c+d>a\right)\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{2d}{\left(a+c+d\right)+\left(a+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+c+d>b\right)\)
Từ đó, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \\ \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \Rightarrow P< 2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có điều phải chứng minh.
