a) Vừa nhìn đề biết ngay sai
Sửa đề:
Chứng minh: \(P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)\le0\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(P\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\left(-1\right)=a.\left(-1\right)^2+b.\left(-1\right)+c\\P\left(-2\right)=a.\left(-2\right)^2+b.\left(-2\right)+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\left(-1\right)=a-b+c\\P\left(-2\right)=4a-2b+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right)+P\left(-2\right)=\left(a-b+c\right)+\left(4a-2b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+4a\right)-\left(b+2b\right)+\left(c+c\right)\)
\(=5a-3b+2c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right)=-P\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)=-P^2\left(-2\right)\le0\) vì \(P^2\left(-2\right)\ge0\)
Vậy nếu \(5a-3b+2c=0\) thì \(P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)\le0\)
b) Giải:
Từ giả thiết suy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\\c^2=bd\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\) (Đpcm)
a) Có P(1) = a.\(1^2\)+b.1+c = a+b+c
P(2) = a.\(2^2\)+b.2+c = 4a+2b+c
=>P(1)+P(2) = a+b+c+4a+2b+c = 5a+3b+2c = 0
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}P\left(1\right)=P\left(2\right)=0\\P\left(1\right)=-P\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu P(1) = P(2) => P(1).P(2) = 0
Nếu P(1) = -P(2) => P(1).P(2) < 0
Vậy P(1).P(2)\(\le\)0
b) Từ \(b^2=ac\) =>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\) (1)
\(c^2=bd\) =>\(\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có