Lời giải:
a) Áp dụng công thức \(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a=1\) thì:
\(P=3\sin ^2a+4\cos ^2a=3(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)+\cos ^2a\)
\(=3.1+(\frac{1}{3})^2=\frac{28}{9}\)
b)
\(\tan a=\frac{3}{4}\Rightarrow \cot a=\frac{1}{\tan a}=\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\frac{3}{4}=\tan a=\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}\Rightarrow \sin a=\frac{3}{4}\cos a\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin ^2a=\frac{9}{16}\cos ^2a\)
\(\Rightarrow \sin ^2a+\cos ^2a=\frac{25}{16}\cos ^2a\Rightarrow \frac{25}{16}\cos ^2a=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \cos ^2a=\frac{16}{25}\Rightarrow \cos a=\pm \frac{4}{5}\)
Nếu \(\Rightarrow \sin a=\pm \frac{3}{5}\) (theo thứ tự)
c)
\(\frac{1}{2}=\tan a=\frac{\sin a}{\cos a}\Rightarrow \sin a=\frac{\cos a}{2}\). Vì a góc nhọn nên \(\cos a\neq 0\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{\cos a-\sin a}{\cos a+\sin a}=\frac{\cos a-\frac{\cos a}{2}}{\cos a+\frac{\cos a}{2}}=\frac{\cos a(1-\frac{1}{2})}{\cos a(1+\frac{1}{2})}=\frac{1-\frac{1}{2}}{1+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{3}\)