Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)=n_{AlCl_3}\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+24b=7,8\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146\cdot20\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,8\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=153\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot133,5}{153}\cdot100\%\approx17,45\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot95}{153}\cdot100\%\approx6,21\%\end{matrix}\right.\)