1. The present and past tense:
Act: S + V + Object
P: S + tobe + P.P ( V3 ) (+ by) + O
2. Modal verbs
Act: S + M + V(inf) + O
P: S + M + be + V3 (+ by) + O
3. Present and past continuos tense:
Act: S + tobe + V-ing + O
P: S + tobe + being + V3 (+ by) + O
4. The present and past perfect tense:
Act: S + \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}have\\has\\had\end{matrix}\right.\) + P.P + O
P: S + \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}have\\has\\had\end{matrix}\right.\) + been + P.P (+ by) + O